The peasants don't have the right to education, because they are working on the field all day long, which also means that they cannot travel. The peasants also don't have a say in their government, and have no religious freedom. This means that even if they didn't like how things are going, they cannot change it. This kind of oppression is unimaginable in the 21st century. The Power lies in the hands of the few, compared to the power lying in the hands of the majority in the 21st century.
The last major factor that makes the Middle Ages different from the 21st century is the Economy. They don't even belong to themselves, so they have no use for money. Instead, all the wealth and land is owned by the King and the Nobles. The Higher class had all the money. The Church was also no exception, for they taxed people Tithe. Back then, the medieval towns were dirty and disease ridden. The butchers and townspeople were told to put their waste out on the street.
Human waste and garbage was included in this waste. Medieval towns did not have the garbage or sewer system that exists today; this resulted in the streets being a main source of disposal for the townspeople.
Rats were very common. Water was far from clean as the local river was polluted from the wastes that were tossed over. Therefore, since the river was the main source of water for the townspeople and because they knew little about health and hygiene, disease was very common. The townspeople had no other choice but to use the river as their main source. Today, clean water is available to any citizen of a city or town. In the medieval town those of royalty had access to many kinds of wine while the poor did not.
Today, everyone is open to the beverage of their choice at a fair cost of course. The peasants who worked for the Lords and King were not capable of reading, as they did not have the knowledge to do so.
While blood-eagling may have been a myth, torture was certainly a fact of the medieval period although its legality and application varied widely across Europe. Until the 13th century, torturous methods had been used by the state and the church in the pursuit of justice: ordeals by fire or by water under supervision of a priest were used to determine guilt.
Under trial by jury, torture was rendered unnecessary. The death penalty could be applied without the need for the confessional evidence torture might provide.
While illegal in England, torture was still used on the Continent as a means of extracting proof. At times it aimed to follow the Classical model in practicalities as well as ideology: Aristotle believed that confessions withdrawn by torture were unreliable — understandably — and so very often the goal was to stop the torture before confessions were made, or if that were not possible, to allow the victim to recover before re-confessing.
Fire was used in various forms, in burning feet, or in heating iron boots or devices such as bars to be held. Other medieval torture methods included stress positions — a method approved of in by Donald Rumsfeld — and flaying, which was most commonly associated with martyrs such as St Bartholomew the patron saint of parchment-makers, bookbinders and other trades reliant on the removal of skin from flesh.
Torture was certainly widespread across the medieval world. Learn more about the role of women in medieval society. Medieval society was not as harmonious as theorists would have us believe. Those who described a society of orders were trying to create a society of orders.
Images courtesy of: by Unknown via Wikimedia Commons. Medieval Europe is very far removed from us, both chronologically and geographically. Given how removed the High Middle ages is from us today, the answer to the question of why one should study medieval history is not immediately apparent.
Lessons about the Modern World In certain ways, a knowledge of medieval history is very useful. Society in the Middle Ages had three orders: The clergy first order , the warrior aristocracy second order , and anyone who did not belong to the first or the second order third order.
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